Fuel Oils / Heavy Distillates

This standard specifies the requirements for fuels used in marine diesel engines and boilers. There are ten categories of marine fuel specified, four of which are distillate marine fuel. ISO-F-DMX ISO-F-DMA ISO-F-DMZ ISO-F-DMB

This standard specifies a procedure for the determination of total aluminium (5 - 150 mg/kg); silicon (10 – 250 mg/kg); sodium (1 – 100 mg/kg); vanadium (1 – 400 mg/kg); nickel (1 – 100 mg/kg); iron (2 – 60 mg/kg); calcium (3 – 100 mg/kg); zinc (1 – 70 mg/kg); phosphorus (1 – 60 mg/kg) in residual fuel oils by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Samples are prepared by ashing, fusion and acid digestion. The sample is then diluted with water and analysed by ICP in aqueous mode.

A UKAS ISO17025 accredited method determination of total carbon, total hydrogen and total nitrogen in crude oil, fuel oil, lubricants and residues, in the ranges of at least 75 to 87 mass% for carbon; at least 9 to 16 mass% for hydrogen, and 0.1 to 2 mass % for nitrogen. The results are expressed as mass %. The method is not recommended for the analysis of volatile materials such as gasoline, gasoline-oxygenate blends, or gasoline type aviation turbine fuels. Test method D is followed using a Thermo Flash analyser.

Determination of carbon residue, in the range 0.10 to 30.0% (m/m), left after evaporation and pyrolysis of petroleum products under specified conditions. For products which yield a residue in excess of 0.10% (m/m), the test results are equivalent to those obtained by the Conradson carbon residue test. The carbon residue value may show the tendency of petroleum products to form carbonaceous deposits under similar degradation. Organic nitrates will interfere with the results if present.

A UKAS ISO17025 accredited method for the determination of the density of crude petroleum and related products within the range 600 to 1100 kg/m3 by oscillating U-tube density meter. Suitable for liquids of any vapour pressure, that can be kept a single phase with light end evaporation. The density value measured at one temperature can be converted to the density at another temperature using petroleum measurement tables.

A UKAS ISO17025 accredited test for the determination of the ash content of petroleum products, such as distillate and residual fuel oils, crude petroleum, lubricating oils, waxes and other petroleum products, in which any ash-forming constituents present are normally considered to be undesirable impurities or contaminants. Ash can result from oil-soluble or water- soluble metallic compounds or from extraneous solids such as dirt and rust. This method is applicable to products having ash contents in the range 0.001% (m/m) to 0.180% (m/m) but does not apply to products that contain ash- forming additives, including certain phosphorus compounds.

Procedure A: The determination of the flash point of combustible liquids, liquids with suspended solids, liquids that tend to form a surface film under the test conditions, biodiesel, heating oil and turbine fuels, new and in-use lubricating oils, paints and varnishes and other liquids in the temperature range of 40°C to 370°C.

Procedure A: The determination of the hydrogen sulphide (H2S) content of fuel oils including marine residual fuels, distillates and petroleum blend stocks with viscosities up to 3000mm2s at 50°C as measured in the liquid phase.

This test method is to quantify viable aerobic microorganisms present as contaminants in middle distillate fuels, gasolines, biofuel blends and residual fuels and associated water. The procedure quantitatively assess the viable aerobic microbial content as microbial colony forming units (cfu) and determines whether the microbial contamination in samples drawn from fuel tanks and systems is absent or present at light, moderate and heavy levels.

Method for the determination of the pour point of petroleum products. A separate procedure suitable for the determination of the lower pour point of fuel oils, heavy lubricant base stock, and products containing residual fuel components is also described.

A UKAS ISO17025 accredited method for the determination of the sulphur content of petroleum products such as naphtha, unleaded motor gasoline, middle distillates, residual fuel oil, base lubricating oil and their components. The method is for products with sulphur content of 0.03 to 5.00 % (m/m). Heavy metal additives, eg lead alkyls, and some elements may interfere with the measurement.

Determination of total sediment in residual fuel oils (max viscosity of 55 mm2s-1 at 100 °C) and blends of distillate fuels that have residual components. The method can also be used for the assessment of total sediment in fuels which have been aged (see IP390)

Procedure A: Method for the thermal accelerated ageing of residual fuel oils. When combined with the hot filtration method (IP375) gives a prediction the effect of sedimentation on the fuel oil stability over time.

Determination of the kinematic and dynamic viscosities of transparent and opaque liquid hydrocarbons. The time for a volume of liquid to flow through a calibrated glass capillary viscometer under gravity is measured and the kinematic viscosity calculated by multiplying this time by the Viscometer Constant. Dynamic viscosity is kinematic viscosity x density. The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test method is from 0.2 mm2/s to 300000mm2/s over the temperature range -20°C to +150°C.

A UKAS ISO17025 accredited method for measuring up to 25% water in petroleum products by distillation. Volatile water soluble species in the sample will be quantified as water. Level >25% can be measured, but there is no precision data available.

The determination of the acidic constituents in petroleum products, lubricating oils, biodiesel and blends of biodiesel. The method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in a lubricating oil during use under oxidizing conditions regardless of the colour or other properties of the resulting oil. It is not intended to measure an absolute acidic property that can be used to predict performance of a lubricating oil under service conditions. NOTE 1: In new and used lubricating oils, the constituents that may be considered to have acidic characteristics include organic and inorganic acids, esters, phenolic compounds, lactones, resins, salts of heavy metals, salts of ammonia and other weak bases, acid salts of polybasic acids and additives such as inhibitors and detergents. NOTE 2: The acid number obtained by this standard may or may not be numerically the same as that obtained in accordance with IP139.